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Mythology in the Low Countries
The mythology of the Low Countries, modern-day Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg,〔Meijer, 1971.〕 has its roots in the mythologies of pre-Christian Gaulish (Gallo-Roman) and Germanic cultures, predating the region's Christianization by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages.
In the time of the Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages, the Low Countries resident peoples included: Germanic tribes north of the Rhine River〔per Tacitus and Caesar (1st Century), and Willibrord (658 – 739).〕 (Low Franconians, Frisians, Tubanti, Canninefates, Batavians), as well as the decidedly more Celtic and Gallo-Roman Belgae tribes of Gallia Belgica south of the Rhine.〔Celtic was noted by Tacitus and Caesar in 1st Century; both Celtic and Gallo-Roman deities noted by Saint Eligius (588 to 660).〕 Old Dutch mythology can also mean the myths told in Old Dutch language specifically, however many of the myths in this language are ancient and part of larger movements across Europe, such as Roman mythology that spread through the Roman Empire, and Continental Germanic mythology.
Pre-Christian traditions of veneration of trees (particularly the oak, see Donar's oak), springs and woods native to the Low Countries survived in Christianized guise into the Middle Ages.
Sources for the reconstruction of such pre-Christian traditions include the accounts of the Anglo-Saxon missionaries to the region, medieval and modern folklore and legend, and local toponymy.
==Pre-Christian traditions==
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